Biotechnology for Zero Waste – Emerging Waste Management Techniques (Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain (editor) etc.)

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Zero-Waste Bioreﬁneries for Circular Economy

Puneet K. Singh¹, Pooja Shukla¹, Sunil K. Verma², Snehasish Mishra¹, and

Pankaj K. Parhi³

1KIIT (Deemed University), School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar Bioenergy Lab, Biogas Development and

Training Centre (BDTC), Prashanti vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India

2Banaras Hindu University, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agronomy, Varanasi, Uttar

Pradesh 221005, India

3Fakir Mohan University, Department of Chemistry, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Odisha 756089, India

29.1

Introduction

The world has warmed 1 ^∘C, since the emergence of the Industrial Revolution, and is

expected to reach a temperature of 1.5 ^∘C in coming years. This temperature rise can

set humanity on ventilators, and the world has only 12 years to shift its economic

reliance from fossil fuel [1]. The primary attempt of climate science is to nullify

and balance the ongoing emission of heat-trapping gases. The process like carbon

sequestration in the forest, soil, or geological area is the most popular choice among

the rest. A combined increase in development and consumer demand for a variety of

food characteristics leads to the rapid growth of globally integrated “bioeconomy,”

which made bioeconomy the next great wave of the economy [2]. Our national bioe-

conomy strategies follow more of a sustainable approach. An immediate shift toward

renewable resources is the primary approach that can prevent both the depletion of

resources and climate change. To suppress climatic change, the relationship between

carbon sequestration and emission is important. According to the Intergovernmen-

tal Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report on climate change, BECCS (bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage) was the key technology to reach targets of low

carbon dioxide atmospheric concentration [3]. But currently, the scenario is showing

limited opportunity for the technology to reduce net emission from the current level.

Therefore, for CO2 removal and storage, various technologies came into action.

Biochar, carbon sequestration using marine algae, CO2 air capture, biomass burial,

and direct air capture (DAC) are a few of the widely adopted technologies [4, 5].

Nowadays, the residues of biorefineries such as biologically degradable waste are

the possible source of high-quality end products. These final products can overtake

both technical and nontechnical barriers but are still underrated and are not being

Biotechnology for Zero Waste: Emerging Waste Management Techniques, First Edition.

Edited by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and Ravi Kumar Kadeppagari.